Observers in the UK with clear skies around 1am BST on Tuesday, 21 May can see Jupiter, the solar system’s largest planet, just 4 degrees from the waning gibbous Moon low in the south-southeast. At this time both the Moon and Jupiter fit within the same field of view of binoculars magnifying less than 10×, seen against the constellation backdrop of Ophiuchus, the Serpent Bearer. Look for first-magnitude star Antares in the adjacent constellation of Scorpius just 13 degrees to the right of Jupiter. AN graphic by Ade Ashford.Keen skywatchers in Western Europe and the British Isles will already be aware of a bright ‘star’ low in the southeast shortly after local midnight. The object is, of course, a planet – none other than the solar system’s largest, Jupiter. Any potential confusion as to its identity is resolved in the small hours of Tuesday, 21 May when the waning gibbous Moon lies nearby.
Shining conspicuously at magnitude -2.6, Jupiter is already brighter than any star visible in the nighttime sky, the planet fast approaching its closest approach to Earth for the year. Opposition to the Sun occurs on 10 June, but Jupiter and Earth are nearest two days later at a distance of 4.284 astronomical units or 641 million kilometres (398 million miles).
At 1am BST on 21 May, Jupiter lies almost 652 million kilometres from Earth and appears slightly larger than 45 arcseconds in diameter. While the gibbous Moon and Jupiter may appear close together, it is merely a line of sight effect: the solar system’s largest planet is actually 1685 times farther away than our lunar neighbour.Jupiter’s Great Red Spot transits at 12:20am on 21 May and remains on show for a further hour for observers using 7.6-cm (3-inch) and larger telescopes at magnifications of 100× and more (seeing permitting). Jupiter’s innermost Galilean moon, Io, is eclipsed by the planet’s shadow at 12:22am, hence only the other three – Europa, Ganymede and Callisto – remain on show at 1am (all times given in British Summer Time). AN graphic by Ade Ashford.
Jupiter is two months past opposition on 10 August, so you need to be looking low in the southern sky of the British Isles around sunset if you wish to catch the solar system’s largest planet at its best. If you time it right and the weather obliges, Jupiter’s Great Red Spot makes multiple appearances while the planet’s Galilean moons play hide and seek. Welcome to our August 2019 Jovian observing guide.
Friday, 27 July sees the second total lunar eclipse of 2018, which also happens to be the longest of the 21st century. Observers in Antarctica, Australasia, Russia, Asia, Africa, Scandanavia, Europe, Central and Eastern South America will see the event. The Moon rises at mid-eclipse as seen from the British Isles, some 6 degrees north of Mars at opposition.
On Thursday, 29 October, observers in the British Isles with clear skies and armed with binoculars or small telescopes can see the waning gibbous 17-day-old Moon occult first-magnitude star Aldebaran, the ‘Eye of the Bull’ in the constellation Taurus. The star slips behind the Moon soon after 9:45pm GMT and reappears at the darkened lunar hemisphere about an hour later.
