Figure 1: True colour image of galaxy NGC 1167, overlaid with contours depicting the spiral-like star-forming regions (left). “Intensity” of the Equivalent Width in H-alpha in galaxy NGC 1167, overlaid with contours depicting the spiral-like star-forming regions (right). Illustration credits: Gomes et al. (2016).Using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field spectroscopy Area (CALIFA) surveys, a team of astronomers, led by Jean Michel Gomes and Polychronis Papaderos from the Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço (IA) in Portugal, discovered in the optical faint star-forming spiral-arm-like features in the periphery of nearby early-type galaxies. This work was presented during the 2nd SELGFIS Advanced School on Integral-Field Spectroscopic Data Analysis, ongoing in Madrid until the 25 November 2016.
Usually, star-forming regions are blue areas, HII-regions that house short-lived massive blue stars, embedded in the disc section of spiral galaxies. In contrast, elliptical and lenticular galaxies (historically referred to as early-type galaxies) are composed of old stars with reddish colours, and are thought to be “dead” spheroids, no longer giving birth to new stars.
However, the CALIFA study led by the IA team has now discovered in the optical spiral features in the outskirts of three nearby early-type galaxies, which points to a still ongoing inside-out growth. This adds valuable observational insight into the origin and evolution of spiral structures in old spheroidal galaxies.Figure 2: True colour image of galaxy NGC 1349, overlaid with contours depicting the spiral-like star-forming regions (left). “Intensity” of the Equivalent Width in H-alpha in galaxy NGC 1349, overlaid with contours depicting the spiral-like star-forming regions. Illustration credits: Gomes et al. (2016).Jean Michel Gomes (IA & University of Porto), co-leader of the Study of Emission-Line Galaxies with Integral-Field Spectroscopy (SELGIFS) work package Reconstruction of the Star Formation History, explains the novelty of this discovery: “According to our current view, grand design spiral-like features are associated with disc galaxies. These are, in general, regions of enhanced star formation. We were surprised to have discovered, for the first time in the optical, spiral-like structures in early-type galaxies, which we believed to have stopped forming stars in the last few billion years and should entirely lack spiral features.”
The discovery of faint spiral-like star-forming features in the periphery of early-type galaxies in this pilot study by Gomes and Papaderos has already motivated a further investigation of this issue by researchers at IA.
To Polychronis Papaderos (IA & University of Porto), founding member and Co-Investigator of SELGIFS and scientist in charge of its Portuguese node: “This study provides further observational evidence for a still ongoing growth of some seemingly “old and dead” early-type galaxies in the local universe, out of a reservoir of cold gas that feeds low-level star-forming activity in their periphery.”Figure 3: True colour image of galaxy NGC 3106, overlaid with contours depicting the spiral-like star-forming regions (left). “Intensity” of the Equivalent Width in H-alpha in galaxy NGC 3106, overlaid with contours depicting the spiral-like star-forming regions. Illustration credits: Gomes et al. (2016).IA researchers Gomes and Papaderos, together with their PhD students Iris Breda and Sandra Reis, are leading a research within the CALIFA collaboration, on the properties of the diffusely distributed warm ionized gas in early-type galaxies. The main goal of this project is to evaluate the role of various possible gas excitation mechanisms in early-type galaxies.
Further reading: “Spiral-like star-forming patterns in CALIFA early-type galaxies” was published in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics.
A gravitational lens system has been discovered by undergraduate students examining images from the 8.2-metre Subaru Telescope’s Hyper Suprime-Cam. Dubbed the “Eye of Horus” due to the system’s uncanny resemblance to the sacred eye of the ancient Egyptian goddess, it is formed by a galaxy 7 billion light-years from the Earth bending the light from two more galaxies directly behind it.
An international team has found an extremely faint dwarf satellite galaxy of the Milky Way using the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) on the 8.2-metre Subaru Telescope located at the Mauna Kea Observatory on Hawaii. Named Virgo I, the galaxy lies 280,000 light-years away in the constellation of Virgo. The galaxy may well be the faintest satellite galaxy yet found.
Each year, NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory helps celebrate American Archive Month by releasing a collection of images using X-ray data. Each of these six new images — representing just a small fraction of the treasures that reside in Chandra’s unique archive — also includes data from telescopes covering other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as visible and infrared light.
