Australian amateur astronomer Anthony Wesley captured this detailed portrait of Jupiter with its Great Red Spot (GRS) shortly after transit on 22 July 2019 at 10:30 UTC. The GRS appears more elongated, so further flaking episodes could be about to occur. Image credit: Anthony Wesley, Rubyvale, Queensland, Australia.August opens with Jupiter 7½ weeks past opposition. The slow retrograde (westward) drift of the solar system’s largest planet through the constellation of Ophiuchus, the Serpent Bearer, slows until it reaches a stationary point on 11 August. Thereafter Jupiter resumes direct (eastward) motion with respect to the stars. The 9-day-old waxing gibbous Moon lies slightly less than four lunar diameters from the magnitude -2.4 planet late into the UK evening of Friday, 9 August.
Jupiter’s southerly declination has made this a challenging apparition for observers in the British Isles, where the planet struggles to attain a maximum altitude of 15 degrees above the southern horizon. For the heart of the UK, Jupiter is best placed around 15 minutes after sunset at the beginning of August and about 30 minutes before sunset by the end of the month. Consequently, the gas giant is already slipping lower in the south-southwest as twilight deepens, so don’t miss any viewing opportunities.
Great Red Spot
Despite Jupiter’s low altitude, on nights of good seeing there will be plenty to view in telescopes of 7.6-cm (3-inch) aperture and larger at magnifications of 100× or more. The planet’s Great Red Spot (GRS) is still a conspicuous brick red colour and maybe showing sights of renewed flaking activity, so do keep a keen eye on this Earth-sized anticyclonic storm in the Jovian atmosphere.Observers in the British Isles with clear skies and steady seeing at sunset on 3 August should have their telescopes trained on the southern meridian in readiness for Jupiter’s transit while a simultaneous transit of the planet’s Great Red Spot and a shadow transit of Galilean moon Europa is in progress. AN graphic by Ade Ashford.The table at the bottom of this page lists the best times to see the GRS for observers in the British Isles and those parts of Western Europe at a similar longitude (e.g., Central and Western France, Spain and Portugal). For other locations worldwide, be sure to visit our interactive online Almanac and ensure that the ‘Add phenomena of Jupiter?’ checkbox is ticked. The Almanac’s predictions are in Universal Time.
Jupiter’s Galilean moons
The following table also lists phenomena of the planet’s four large Galilean moons — Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. These regularly pass in front of (or transit) Jupiter, are eclipsed by its shadow, or occulted (hidden) by their parent planet. The shadows of Io, Europa and Ganymede also appear as tiny black dots drifting across Jupiter’s cloud tops, but outermost moon Callisto appears to pass above or below Jupiter owing to the current inclination of its orbit to our line of sight.Phenomena of Jupiter and its bright Galilean moons visible from the British Isles and similar European longitudes (western France, Spain and Portugal) throughout August 2019. Note that all events are given in British Summer Time (BST), so subtract one hour to convert to Universal Time/GMT. Computation and data preparation: Ade Ashford/Guide.
This is the final view taken by the JunoCam instrument on NASA’s Juno spacecraft before Juno’s instruments were powered down in preparation for orbit insertion.
Mighty Jupiter, the king of the planets, comes to opposition at 08:00 UT on 14 July, the moment when it lies opposite the Sun in sky at a distance of 619.4 million kilometres (384 million miles), or 4.139 astronomical units.
The numerous whirlwinds covering Jupiter are caused by upward gas flows originating deep within the giant planet. This is the conclusion reached by scientists at the University of Alberta (Canada) and the Max Planck Institute for Solar Research (MPS) in Germany after extensive computer simulations. Their models also explain why the Jovian whirlwinds’ direction of rotation is opposite to storms on Earth.
